EXTERNAL

OBLIQUES

• Origin

External surfaces of lower eight ribs

• Insertion

Anterior iliac crest and linea alba

• Agonist(s)

- Internal oblique

- Transversus abdominis

- Rectus abdominis

• Antagonist(s)

- Erector spinae

- Quadratus lumborum

• Function

Compresses abdomen; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column

TRIGGER POINT(S)

• Location

Trigger points can be found along the length of the muscle, particularly in the lower portion.

• Pain Referral Pattern

Pain may refer to the lateral and anterior abdomen, the lower ribs, and sometimes the lower back.

It can cause aching, burning, or sharp pain in the lateral and anterior abdominal regions, and may contribute to discomfort or restricted movement in the lower back and trunk.

• Potential Causes

• Overuse or repetitive activities involving trunk rotation and side bending, such as twisting, lifting, or certain sports.

• Poor posture, especially excessive twisting or bending of the spine.

• Muscle imbalances between the external obliques and other abdominal and back muscles.

• Trauma or injury to the abdominal or lower back area.

• Prevention Tips

• Use proper techniques and form during exercises involving trunk rotation and side bending to avoid overloading the external obliques.

• Incorporate regular core strengthening and stabilization exercises.

• Ensure proper warm-up and cooldown routines before and after exercise.

• Maintain good posture and ergonomics during daily activities.

• Ensure balanced strength training to avoid muscle imbalances.