• Origin

Iliac crest,

Posterior sacrum,

Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae (via the thoracolumbar fascia).

• Insertion

Angles of the lower 6 to 9 ribs (ribs 6–12),

Transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4).

• Agonist(s)

- Longissimus thoracis,

- Multifidus (assists in spinal extension and stabilization),

- Quadratus lumborum (in lateral flexion).

• Antagonist(s)

- Rectus abdominis,

- External obliques,

- Internal obliques,

Psoas major (during spinal flexion).

• Function

Extends the lumbar spine.

Laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side.

Assists in maintaining an upright posture.

Stabilizes the spine during movements of the trunk.

TRIGGER POINT(S)

• Location

Typically located along the lateral margins of the lumbar spine.

Commonly found near the iliac crest and along the lower ribs.

Deep to the latissimus dorsi and thoracolumbar fascia.

• Pain Referral Pattern

Pain can refer into the lower back and buttock region.

May radiate into the posterior iliac crest and upper gluteal area.

Sometimes perceived as deep, aching pain around the lower ribs or flank area.

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Potential Causes

• Prolonged bending or lifting activities.

• Poor lifting mechanics, especially with twisting.

• Prolonged sitting or standing without proper lumbar support.

• Weak core musculature leading to overuse of lumbar extensors.

• Direct trauma or strain to the lower back area.

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Prevention Tips

• Strengthen abdominal and core muscles to support the lumbar spine.

• Practice proper posture during both sitting and standing.

• Use correct body mechanics when lifting or carrying loads.

• Incorporate regular stretching and mobility exercises for the lumbar region.

• Avoid prolonged static postures without movement breaks.