INSPIRATION - EXPIRATION BREATHING TEST

​​• Test positioning

The client may sit or stand.

The therapist stands next to the client.

​• Action

The client is instructed to breathe in and out normally, then take a deep breath followed by rapid expiration.

​• Positive finding

Normal breathing that is rapid and shallow is indicative of a rib fracture.

Pain with deep inspiration may suggest a rib fracture, costochondral separation, or external intercostal muscle strain.

Pain with forced expiration may indicate costochondral separation or internal intercostal muscle strain.

​• Special considerations & comments

​With a rib fracture or costochondral separation, there is also pain with coughing, sneezing, and torso movement.

Displaced rib fractures may jeopardize the function of the lungs and should be treated as a medical emergency.

The Inspiration Expiration Breathing Test is based on foundational principles from Dr. James Cyriax in orthopedic assessment, with contributions from Dr. Vladimir Janda on postural control and respiratory function in thoracic spine evaluations.