LEVATOR SCAPULAE

• Origin

Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

• Insertion

Medial border of scapula (superior angle)

• Agonist(s)

- Trapezius

- Rhomboid minor

- Rhomboid major

• Antagonist(s)

- Sternocleidomastoid

• Function

Elevates scapula, assists in downward rotation of scapula, aids in cervical spine extension and lateral flexion

TRIGGER POINT(S)

• Location

Trigger points are typically located in the muscle belly, near its insertion points on the upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C4) and the superior angle of the scapula.

These trigger points can also be found along the muscle's fibers.

• Pain Referral Pattern

Pain often refers to the back and side of the neck, and may extend down towards the shoulder blade.

It can cause neck stiffness, restricted range of motion, and sharp or achy pain with movement, mimicking symptoms of tension-type headaches or cervicogenic headaches.

• Potential Causes

• Poor posture, especially with forward head posture or rounded shoulders.

• Repetitive strain from activities involving lifting, carrying, or prolonged neck rotation.

• Prolonged periods of sitting or sleeping in an awkward position.

• Stress and tension, especially in the neck and upper back muscles.

• Trauma or injury to the head, neck, or shoulder.

• Prevention Tips

• Maintain proper posture, especially keeping the head aligned over the shoulders.

• Incorporate regular stretching and strengthening exercises for the neck and upper back muscles.

• Take breaks and adjust ergonomics during activities involving prolonged neck rotation or elevation.

• Manage stress through relaxation techniques and regular physical activity.

• Ensure proper neck support during sleep and avoid sleeping in awkward positions.