MULTIFIDUS

• Origin

Sacrum,
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS),
Mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae,
Transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae,
Articular processes of the cervical vertebrae (C4-C7).

• Insertion

Spinous processes of vertebrae, spanning two to four vertebrae above each origin point, from C2 to L5.

• Agonist(s)

- Erector spinae group,
- Rotatores (for spinal extension and rotation).

• Antagonist(s)

- Rectus abdominis,
- External oblique,
- Internal oblique (for trunk flexion and rotation in the opposite direction).

• Function

- Provides stability to the spine,
- Assists in spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation,
- Plays a key role in maintaining posture and controlling vertebral movement.

TRIGGER POINT(S)

• Location

Trigger points are often found along the spine, particularly in the lumbar and lower thoracic regions.

These points are located deep within the muscle belly, and palpation may reveal tenderness along the spinal column.

• Pain Referral Pattern

Pain can refer locally to the spine, often feeling like deep, dull ache or stiffness along the back.

In some cases, the pain may radiate into the hip, buttock, or upper thigh, mimicking symptoms of sciatica or lower back pain.