STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

• Origin

 

Sternum and Clavicle

 

• Insertion

 

Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone and Occipital Bone

 

• Agonist(s)

 

- Scalenes

- Levator scapulae

- Splenius capitis

 

• Antagonist(s)

 

- Trapezius

- Latissimus dorsi

- Rhomboids

- Serratus anterior

 

• Function

 

Rotation, Flexion and Extension of Head and Neck

 

TRIGGER POINT(S)

 

 

• Location

 

Trigger points are typically located in both the sternal and clavicular heads of the muscle.

 

These points are usually found along the length of the muscle from the mastoid process down to the clavicle and sternum.

 

 

• Pain Referral Pattern

 

Pain can refer to multiple areas, including:

• Top of the head,

• Around the eyes,

• Across the cheeks, and

• Into the jaw.

 

It can also cause pain and discomfort in:

• The neck,

• Behind the ear, and sometimes, and

• Into the chest and upper back.

 

Symptoms may include dizziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and headaches.

Pain Patterns

Sternal Head

Clavicular Head

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• Potential Causes

 

• Poor posture, especially forward head posture.

 

• Prolonged periods of looking down, such as during computer or phone use.

 

• Stress and tension.

 

• Respiratory issues causing overuse of accessory breathing muscles.

 

• Direct trauma or whiplash injuries.

 

 

• Prevention Tips

 

• Maintain proper posture, especially keeping the head aligned over the shoulders.

 

• Incorporate regular stretching and strengthening exercises for the neck and shoulder muscles.

 

• Take breaks and adjust ergonomics during activities involving prolonged neck flexion.

 

• Manage stress through relaxation techniques and regular physical activity.

 

• Address respiratory issues to reduce overuse of accessory muscles.