A condition of the digestive system.

Constipation involves difficulty in defecation, with the passing of small, hard stools.

Commonly caused by poor eating habits (insufficient fluid and dietary fibre), it may also result from depression and anxiety.

• Symptoms of constipation include

- hard stools
- a reduced frequency of defecation
- a reduction in bowel sounds
- increased intra-abdominal pressure and,
- nausea

• Additional symptoms may include
 

- altered appetite
- back pain
- headaches and
- abdominal pain

• Massage recommendations

Gentle massage strokes may be applied over the abdomen following the direction of the large bowel to encourage fecal motility.

• • Be  Aware of the Umbilicus Endangerment Site • • 

Relaxation massage techniques may be useful to aid stress management.